Northern Palmyrenean chalk heights, lonely Atlantic pistachio in the riverbed of a dried-up wadi

Northern Palmyrenean chalk heights, lonely Atlantic pistachio in the riverbed of a dried-up wadi

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, mudbrick decoration

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, mudbrick decoration

General view of Jaʿbar castle

General view of Jaʿbar castle

At-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Entrance of a bastion with loopholes

At-Tabqa, Jaʿbar Castle, Entrance of a bastion with loopholes

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Column capitel with plant motifs

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, Column capitel with plant motifs

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, mudbrick decoration

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, mudbrick decoration

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, star-shaped fountain in centre of the courtyard

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, star-shaped fountain in centre of the courtyard

Raqqa, A side of Qasr al-Banat

Raqqa, A side of Qasr al-Banat

Raqqa, a side of Qasr al-Banat

Raqqa, a side of Qasr al-Banat

Raqqa, Remains of Qasr al-Banat

Raqqa, Remains of Qasr al-Banat

Remains of Islamic Jaʿbar castle

Remains of Islamic Jaʿbar castle

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, documentation sheet of courtyard with northern Iwan

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, documentation sheet of courtyard with northern Iwan

Shaykh Anas shrine - al-Tar mountain south-east of al-Mayadeen - the dome from the inside

Shaykh Anas shrine – al-Tar mountain south-east of al-Mayadeen – the dome from the inside

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, the current prayer hall was part of ِAleppo's Byzantine cathedral

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, the current prayer hall was part of ِAleppo’s Byzantine cathedral

Damage pattern, water infiltration, on render on brick masonry, Old city center, Warsaw, Poland

Fig. 26, Catalogue of Damage

Damage pattern, partly collapsed dome of al-Bahramiyya mosque, Aleppo, Syria

Fig. 03-b, Catalogue of Damage

Afamiya, Northern Roman baths

Afamiya, Northern Roman baths

Afamiya, Northern Roman baths

Afamiya, Northern Roman baths

At-Tabqa , Minaret of the Mosque at Jaʿbar Castle.

At-Tabqa , Minaret of the Mosque at Jaʿbar Castle.

Remains of Islamic Jaʿbar castle

Remains of Islamic Jaʿbar castle

Habuba Kabira, how three cantilever domes are connected (two cantilever domes are posed on a relieving arch)

Habuba Kabira, how three cantilever domes are connected (two cantilever domes are posed on a relieving arch)

Great Mosque of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 8th/12th C.

Great Mosque of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 8th/12th C.

Habuba Kabira, shell of the dome house made of dried clay bricks with quarry stone base

Habuba Kabira, shell of the dome house made of dried clay bricks with quarry stone base

Raqqa -Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations

Raqqa -Qasr al-Banat, clay decorations

Qalʿat Jaʿbar, vaulted loophole

Qalʿat Jaʿbar, vaulted loophole

Khusrawiyya-complex, view of the Mosque in 2010

Khusrawiyya-complex, view of the Mosque in 2010

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decoration

Raqqa, Qasr al-Banat, clay decoration

Raqqa, The ruins of Qasr al-Banat

Raqqa, The ruins of Qasr al-Banat

Raqqa, Qasr (Palace) al-Banat, an octagonal basin in the centre of the courtyard

Raqqa, Qasr (Palace) al-Banat, an octagonal basin in the centre of the courtyard

The minaret of Great Mosque of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 8th/12th C.

The minaret of Great Mosque of Raqqa-Rafiqa, 8th/12th C.